As level 9618 : Notes Pack
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Paper 2 : Problem Solving Approach – Practical
9.1 Computational thinking skills
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9.1.1 Using abstraction
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9.1.2 Using decomposition
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9.2 Algorithms
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9.2.1 Writing algorithms that provide solutions to problems
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9.2.2 Writing simple algorithms using pseudocode
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9.2.3 Writing pseudocode from a structured English description
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9.2.4 Writing pseudocode from a flowchart
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9.2.5 Stepwise refinement
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10.1 Data types and records
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10.1.1 Data types
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10.1.2 Records
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10.2 Arrays
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10.2.1 1D arrays
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10.2.2 2D arrays
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10.2.3 Using a linear search
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10.2.4 Using a bubble sort
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10.3 Files
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10.4 Abstract data types (ADTs)
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10.4.1 Stack operations
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10.4.2 Queue operations
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10.4.3 Linked list operations
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11.1 Programming basics
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11.1.1 Constants and variables
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11.1.2 Library routines
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11.2 Programming constructs
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11.2.1 CASE and IF
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11.2.2 Loops
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11.3 Structured programming
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11.3.1 Procedures
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11.3.2 Functions
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12.1 Program development lifecycle
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12.1.1 The purpose of a program development lifecycle
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12.1.2 Stages in the program development lifecycle
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12.1.3 Different development lifecycles
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12.2 Program design
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12.2.1 Purpose and use of structure charts
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12.2.2 Purpose and use of state-transition diagrams to document algorithms
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12.3 Program testing and maintainance
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12.3.1 Ways of avoiding and exposing faults in programs
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12.3.2 Location, identification and correction of errors
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12.3.3 Program testing
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12.3.4 Program maintenance
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Paper 1 : Theory Paper
1.1 Data Representation
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1.1.1 Number systems
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1.1.2 Binary number system
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1.1.3 Hexadecimal number system
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1.1.4 Binary-coded decimal (BCD) system
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1.1.5 ASCII codes and Unicodes
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1.2 MultiMedia
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1.2.1 Bit-map images
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1.2.2 Vector graphics
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1.2.3 Sound files
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1.2.4 Video
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1.3 File compression
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1.3.1 File compression applications
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1.3.2 General methods of compressing files
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2.1 Networking
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2.1.1 Networking devices
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2.1.2 Client-server and peer-to-peer networking models
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2.1.3 Network topologies
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2.1.4 Public and private cloud computing
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2.1.5 Wired and wireless networking
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2.1.6 Hardware requirements of networks
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2.1.7 Ethernet
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2.1.8 Bit streaming
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2.2 The internet
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2.2.1 The differences between the internet and the World Wide Web
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2.2.2 Hardware and software needed to support the internet
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2.2.3 IP addresses
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2.2.4 Uniform resource service (URLs)
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2.2.5 Domain name service (DNS)
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2.2.6 Scripting in HTML
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3.1 Computers and their components
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3.1.1 Types of memory and storage
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3.1.2 Input and output devices
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3.2 Logic gates and logic circuits
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3.2.1 Logic gates
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3.2.2 Truth tables
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3.2.3 The function of the six logic gates
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3.2.4 Logic circuits
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3.2.5 Logic circuits in the real world
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3.2.6 Multi-input logic gates
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4.1 Central processing unit (CPU) architechure
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4.1.1 Von Neumann model
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4.1.2 Components of the processor (CPU)
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4.1.3 Registers
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4.1.4 System buses
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4.1.5 Computer ports
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4.1.6 Fetch-execute cycle
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4.1.7 Interrupts
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4.2 Assembly language
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4.2.1 Assembly language and machine code
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4.2.2 Stages of assembly
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4.2.3 Assembly language instructions
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4.2.4 Addressing modes
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4.2.5 Simple assembly language programs
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4.3 Bit manipulation
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4.3.1 Binary shifts
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4.3.2 Bit manipulation used in monitoring and control
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5.1 Operating systems
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5.1.1 The need for an operating system
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5.1.2 Operating system tasks
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5.1.3 Utility software
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5.1.4 Program libraries
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5.2 Language translators
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5.2.1 Translation and execution of programs
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5.2.2 Pros and cons of compiling or interpreting a program
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5.2.3 Partial compiling and interpreting
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5.2.4 Integrated development environment (IDE)
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6.1 Data security
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6.1.1 Data privacy
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6.1.2 Preventing data loss and restricting data access
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6.1.3 Risks to the security of stored data
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6.1.4 Data recovery
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6.2 Data integrity
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6.2.1 Validation
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6.2.2 Verification
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7.1 Legal, moral, ethical and cultural implications
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7.1.1 Computer ethics
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7.1.2 Professional ethical bodies
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7.1.3 Impact on the public
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7.2 Copyright issues
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7.2.1 Software copyright and privacy
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7.2.2 The internet and the World Wide Web (WWW)
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7.2.3 Software licensing
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7.3 Artificial intelligence
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7.3.1 What is AI?
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7.3.2 The impact of AI
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7.3.3 The impacts of AI on society, the economy and the environment
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8.1 Database concepts
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8.1.1 The limitations of a file-based approach
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8.1.2 The advantages of a relational database over a file-based approach
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8.1.3 Relational database model terminology
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8.1.4 Entity-relationship (E-R) diagrams
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8.1.5 The normalisation process
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8.2 Database management systems (DBMSs)
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8.2.1 How a DBMS addresses the limitations of a file-based approach
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8.2.2 The use and purpose of DBMS software tools
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8.3 Data definition language (DDL) and data manipulation language (DML)
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8.3.1 Industry standard methods for building and modifying a database
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8.3.2 SQL (DDL) commands and scripts
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8.3.3 SQL (DML) commands and scripts
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Data representation refers to the method used to store, process, and transmit data in a computer system. It involves representing information such as text, numbers, images, and sounds using binary digits (0s and 1s). Computers use this binary form to perform calculations, processing, and data manipulation efficiently.