When solving a problem using a computer system, it’s important to decompose the problem into smaller, manageable parts. One effective way to do this is by identifying the four key components that make up any computer system: inputs, processes, outputs, and storage. By analyzing each of these elements, developers can create a complete and functional solution that meets the users’ needs.

Inputs are the pieces of data or information that must be entered into the system while it is running. These are essential for the system to perform its tasks. Inputs can come from various sources such as keyboards, sensors, touch screens, or even other programs. For example, in an online registration system, user details like name, email, and password are inputs. Understanding what data needs to be entered and how it will be collected is the first step in system design.

Processes refer to the actions or tasks that the system performs using the input data and any data that may already be stored. These tasks may include calculations, comparisons, sorting, searching, or transforming data. For example, in an e-commerce system, the process might involve calculating the total price of items in a shopping cart after applying discounts and taxes. Defining what the system needs to do with the data helps in designing the logic and algorithms of the program.

Outputs are the results produced by the system after processing the input data. This information is usually displayed to the user through monitors, printed documents, sound, or other forms of communication.For example, in a banking system, the output could be a balance statement or a confirmation message after a transaction. Outputs must be clear, accurate, and user-friendly, as they represent the final product of the system’s operations.